Prevalencia de micosis superficiales y factores de riesgo en ciclistas de un municipio de Boyacá, Colombia

Resumen

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de las micosis superficiales y factores de riesgo en ciclistas de un municipio de Boyacá, Colombia.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en deportistas pertenecientes al club de ciclismo Evolución Tutense, de noviembre de 2022 a enero de 2023, en Boyacá, Colombia. Las muestras de piel y uñas se sometieron a diferentes concentraciones de KOH (10-40%) y se sembraron en agar PDA suplementado con cloranfenicol, observando las estructuras morfológicas al microscopio en objetivo 40X, teñidas en azul de lactofenol y en tinción de Gram en objetivo 100X.

RESULTADOS: Se analizaron muestras de uñas y escamas provenientes de 28 pacientes, 18 de éstos mostraron algún tipo de micosis, de los que 6 fueron diagnosticados con pitiriasis capitis, 4 con distintos tipos de onicomicosis, 2 tenían tinea pedis vesiculosa y 8 tinea pedis interdigital. En algunos de estos pacientes se observaron uno a cinco agentes etiológicos.

CONCLUSIONES: Las micosis superficiales son muy frecuentes en los deportistas debido a diferentes factores predisponentes, como la sudoración, el ambiente y las precipitaciones a las que se exponen en sus competencias, lo que puede provocar que el casco, los zapatos, el uniforme y otros elementos de protección se conviertan en fómites o reservorios de gran variedad de microorganismos.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Micosis; onicomicosis; tiña del pie; hongos; dermatomicosis; humedad; sudoración; Trichophyton interdigitale.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of superficial mycoses and the related risk factors among cyclists in a selected municipality of Boyaca’s department, Colombia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried in out from November 2022 to January 2023 on athletes of the “Evolution cycling club” of Tuta, Boyacá, Colombia. A collection of samples was taken from different affected anatomical areas (skin, hair and nails).The skin and nail samples were subjected to different concentrations of KOH (10-40%) and cultured on PDA agar which was supplemented with chloramphenicol. In order to finally observe the morphological structures Gram stain and lactophenol blue were performed, and then the samples were placed under a microscope in a 40X objective for the lactophenol blue stained ones and under the 100X objective for the Gram-stained sample.

RESULTS: Samples of nails/scales from 28 patients were analyzed, 18 of these showed some type of mycosis, of which 6 were diagnosed with pityriasis capitis, 4 with different types of onychomycosis, two presented tinea pedis vesiculosa and 8 interdigital tinea pedis. In some of these patients, one to five etiological agents were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: Superficial mycoses are very frequent in athletes due to different predisposing factors such as sweating, environmental factors and factors related to the gear and equipment used during competitions such as helmets, shoes, uniforms and other protective elements that can turn into fomites and reservoirs that can increase the development and growth of a wide variety of different microorganisms.

KEYWORDS: Mycoses; Onychomycosis; Tinea pedis; Fungi; Dermatomycoses; Humidity; Sweating; Trichophyton interdigitale.